

To govern data communications, various sets of rules had been already designed by the designers of the communication systems, which represent a kind of agreement between communicating devices. Transmission medium could be guided (with wires) or unguided (without wires), for example, twisted pair cable, fiber optic cable, radio waves, microwaves, etc. It is physical path by which data or message travels from sender to receiver. In entire process of data communication, there must be something which could act as a bridge between sender and receiver, Transmission medium plays that part. Same as sender, receiver can also be in form of a computer, telephone mobile, workstation, etc. It is destination where finally message sent by source has arrived.

The device could be in form of a computer, mobile, telephone, laptop, video camera, or a workstation, etc. It is simple a device that sends data message. Sender plays part of a source in data communication system. To transfer message from source to destination, someone must be there who will play role of a source.
